FEATURE: Mermaids may seem like creatures of legend, but there is a group of women in Korea who embody the essence of these mythical beings. Known as the Haenyeo, these women are the true queens of the sea, showcasing incredible strength, grace, and resilience as they dive deep into the icy waters off Jeju Island. Their story is one of tradition, endurance, and a unique way of life that has captivated the world.
The Haenyeo: Korea’s Real-Life Mermaids
The Haenyeo, or “sea women,” have been diving without the aid of modern equipment for generations. These free-divers are known for their ability to plunge as deep as 10 meters into the cold waters of the South China Sea, harvesting shellfish, octopus, and other marine treasures with nothing but a knife and their bare hands. While this lifestyle may seem like a scene from a fairytale, it is the everyday reality for this extraordinary community.
Despite the harsh conditions they face, many of the Haenyeo are well into their 70s, 80s, and even 90s, continuing to dive with agility and skill. Watching them move effortlessly through the water is a sight to behold. Their fluid movements and ability to withstand freezing temperatures give them an almost otherworldly presence, as if they truly are the mermaids of Jeju Island.
Breaking Barriers in a Patriarchal Society
Historically, the Haenyeo have held a higher social status in South Korea’s traditionally patriarchal society. The reasons for this female-dominated profession are still unclear, though some suggest that men were often lost at sea or in wars, leaving women to provide for their families. Others believe that women’s natural ability to resist the cold, thanks to higher fat reserves, made them better suited for the demanding work of free-diving.
Whatever the reasons, the Haenyeo carved out a unique place for themselves on Jeju Island. Families once relied on the income these women brought in, creating a semi-matriarchal society where women were the primary breadwinners, and men stayed home to care for the children. This role reversal extended to dowry practices as well, with families paying the bride’s family instead of the groom’s. In contrast to mainland South Korea, where boys were often preferred, families on Jeju celebrated the birth of baby girls, hoping they would grow up to become Haenyeo.
A Legacy Spanning Centuries
The Haenyeo’s legacy dates back centuries, with the first accounts of their diving activities appearing in 1629. For nearly 350 years, they wore only cotton diving clothes, braving the frigid waters with little protection. It wasn’t until the 1970s that they began wearing rubber wetsuits. Today, the Haenyeo are still categorized by their level of experience, from the highly skilled *sanggun* to the less experienced *hagun*. They mentor one another, teaching the crucial breathing technique known as *sumbisori*, and always diving with a sense of unity and support. These women bond over shared experiences, caring for each other during life’s trials, from pregnancy to illness, and even in times of crisis.
Decline and Recognition
Despite their strength and enduring spirit, the Haenyeo culture is in decline. Younger generations are turning to other careers, leaving the older women to carry on the tradition. Recognizing the importance of preserving this unique way of life, UNESCO added the Haenyeo culture to its Intangible Cultural Heritage list in 2016. This recognition has brought increased protection, funding, and healthcare to the women of Jeju Island. The government has also established a diving school and museum to educate people about their rich history.
A Tourist Attraction with Mixed Impact
While the Haenyeo are now celebrated as a symbol of Jeju Island’s heritage, their lives have also become part of the tourism industry. Visitors to the island can pay to watch these women dive and even purchase their catch. In a sense, the Haenyeo have become living artifacts, performing their ancient craft in front of eager tourists.
Still, the Haenyeo remain proud of their traditions. They are the “Mothers of the Sea” and “Warriors against the Sea,” battling the elements and maintaining their place in the waters they call home. Their story is one of resilience, a testament to the strength of women who, like mermaids, continue to captivate the world with their grace, skill, and timeless connection to the sea.