Dikhyaa Mohanty 
The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) task force has started a first-of-its-kind study on the incidence, mortality, morbidity and socioeconomic burden of snakebite in the country. It will look prospectively at the incidence of snakebite covering 13 states, including Himachal Pradesh, in five zones of India with a population of 84 million.
As per the reports, the other states are Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, West Bengal, Uttarakhand, Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram and Tripura. While the national Principal Investigator for the ICMR study is Jaideep C. Menon from Preventive Cardiology and Population Health Sciences, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Kochi, while Omesh Bharti, State Epidemiologist with the Department of Health and Family Welfare, Himachal Pradesh, is the national Principal Co-Investigator.
“This study will generate real data on snakebite incidence, mortality, morbidity and socioeconomic burden of snakebite for the first time in the country to help the decision-makers in policy framing to prevent and control snakebite in India. The country still doesn’t know the real snakebite burden and is hence groping in the dark when it comes to policy,” Bharti said.
He said the survey is in progress and it takes into consideration all the geographical areas like hilly, plains, marshy, desert and coastal. “It is the first such study designed for the survey of snakebite incidence in South East Asia. Sri Lanka has done it, but they covered a population of one per cent only, whereas our study would cover a population of 6.12 per cent,” explained Bharti.
He said the snakebite incidence study is being carried out in 31 districts in six geographical zones in the country, including West, Central, South, East, North and North-East, in 13 states. Three districts of Himachal — Kangra, Chamba and Una — are also included in it.
Half of the global deaths due to venomous snakebites, estimated at 100,000 per year, occur in India. The only representative data on snakebite available from India is the mortality data from the Registrar General of India – Million Death Study and another study on mortality from Bihar. The incidence data on snakebite is available for two districts of West Bengal.
It was only in 2017 that snakebite was added back onto the WHO (World Health Organization) list of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), after being struck off the list in 2013.
Geographically, the greatest impact of snakebite is in the tropical and subtropical regions, with the highest occurrence in India.
Global estimates of snakebite range from 4.5 million to 5.4 million bites annually with an estimated two million of them in India with significant physical, mental and socioeconomic consequences.
The ICMR’s study protocol for snakebite incidence and burden mentions that the hospital-based data on snakebite admissions and use of anti-snake venom are gross underestimates as most snakebite victims in rural India depend more on alternate treatment methods which do not get represented in national registries.
The ICMR study is a multi-centric study to determine the incidence, morbidity, mortality and economic burden of snakebites in India covering all five geographical zones of the country.
(IANS)
